Summary

Carbon dots (CDs) characterize a rising class of nanomaterials with quite a few optical and physicochemical properties that make them helpful for a wide range of functions. On this work, three totally different strategies, typical hydrothermal carbonization (CHC), microwave-assisted irradiation and heating reflux response approach, have been used as totally different bottom-up approaches to acquire totally different CDs. The carbon nanoparticles have been ready utilizing three totally different carbon precursors (maleic, fumaric and adipic acids) and one nitrogen supply (ethylenediamine). The CDs have been characterised utilizing totally different strategies together with Fourier remodel infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Ultraviolet-visible, Fluorescence and Zeta potential measurements. Each, the experimental methodology used to acquire the CDs and the totally different precursors, offered a substantial affect on the quantum yield values (QY), and likewise on the fluorescence emission curves. The molar proportion between the carbon and nitrogen supply was various to enhance the QY, and one of many samples ready by CHC methodology reached QY = 25.4%. The carbon nanoparticles obtained by CHC have been used as nanoprobes for metallic ions and exhibited nice selectivity and sensitivity for Fe³⁺ ions, reaching a restrict of detection of 35 nM, which is decrease than most reported values for CD-based PL methodology used as probes for Fe³⁺ ions.