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Probing and pushing the limit of emerging electronic materials via van der Waals integration

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Abstract

The continued scaling of silicon-based electronics is quickly approaching its fundamental material limit, which has motivated worldwide efforts in exploring new electronic materials and unconventional device architectures. In particular, two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals, halide perovskites, and self-assembled molecular monolayers represent prominent examples of emerging electronic materials with significant promise for the continued miniaturization or function diversification. However, probing the fundamental transport properties and capturing the intrinsic merits of these emerging electronic materials are not always straightforward because they are usually delicate and prone to degradation during the conventional material integration and device fabrication steps. To this end, an alternative bond-free integration strategy, in which the pre-synthesized/fabricated material components are physically transferred and assembled together through weak van der Waals (vdW) force, offers a mild process for seamlessly combining highly disparate materials to form artificial heterostructures with atomically clean and electronically sharp interfaces, enabling the creation of high-performance devices for probing and pushing the limit of the emerging electronic materials. In this article, we summarize the efforts in our laboratory over the past 12 years, in developing, optimizing, and expanding the vdW integration strategy for creating and investigating high-performance devices from 2D atomic crystals, soft lattice halide perovskites, and self-assembled molecular monolayers. We also discuss how flexible vdW integration may enable a new generation of artificial materials, including vdW superlattices, vdW thin films or 3D frameworks. We conclude with a brief prospect on the critical challenges and emerging opportunities arising with this unique material integration strategy.

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Acknowledgments

X.D. acknowledges financial support by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-18-1-2707.

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

    Peiqi Wang

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

    Xiangfeng Duan

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Wang, P., Duan, X. Probing and pushing the limit of emerging electronic materials via van der Waals integration. MRS Bulletin 46, 534–546 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-021-00130-3

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